A clinical laboratory scientist reviewed the following urinalysis report performed by a student technologist before releasing the results. The urine sample is from a 35-year-old male, following a pre-employment exam.
Color Amber
Appearance Hazy
Specific gravity 1.020
pH 6.5
Protein Neg
Glucose Neg
Ketones Neg
Bilirubin Neg
Blood Neg
Urobilinogen 0.1 EU
Nitrite Neg
Leukocyte esterase Neg
WBCs 0–3/HPF
RBCs 30–40/HPF
Epithelial cells Few squamous/HPF
Casts Rare hyaline
Bacteria Neg
a. Identify any abnormal results.
b. Are any results discrepant?
c. If discrepant results are found, what should be the first course of action?
d. What should be the next course of action?
e. What are five possible explanations for these results?
f. What structures can be confused with RBCs, WBCs, and casts?
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