Experimental Methods Designs vs. Descriptive Methods Designs

What are the differences between experimental methods designs and descriptive methods designs?
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RESPONSE:

1. What are the differences between experimental methods designs and descriptive methods designs?

A. Experimental designs

1. Experimental designs (e.g. factorial, randomized block, covariance designs) are often referred to as the most “rigorous” of all research designs or, as the “gold standard” against which all other designs are judged. In one sense, it is true because experimental designs are able to make causal relations.
2. If a researcher can implement an experimental design well, then the experiment is probably the strongest design with respect to internal validity. This is because internal validity is at the center of all causal or cause-effect inferences. When a researcher wants to determine whether some program or treatment causes some outcome or outcomes to occur, then having strong internal validity is important.
3. If the researcher wants to access the proposition: “If X, then Y? or in more everyday terms: “If the program is given, then the outcome occurs.?However, it’s not enough just to show that when the program or treatment occur the expected outcome also happens. That’s because there may be lots of reasons, other than the …