Infant Mortality and the Effects of Parental Employment

1. Identify and discuss major factors in infant mortality?
2. In early child care, what are the effects of parental employment?
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1. Identify and discuss major factors in infant mortality?

One positive statistics is that the infant mortality rate, the rate at which babies less than one year of age die, has continued to steadily decline over the past several decades, from 26.0 per 1,000 live births in 1960 to 6.9 per 1,000 live births in 2000. The United States ranked 28th in the world in infant mortality in 1998.1 This ranking is due in large part to disparities, which continue to exist among various racial and ethnic groups in this country, particularly African Americans.2 http://www.cdc.gov/omhd/AMH/factsheets/infant.htm#51

There are many examples of disparities in infant mortality rates in the United States. For example, infant mortality among African Americans in 2000 occurred at a rate of 14.1 deaths per 1,000 live births.2 This is more than twice the national average of 6.9 deaths per 1,000 live births. The leading causes of infant death include congenital abnormalities, pre-term/low birth weight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), problems related to complications of pregnancy, and respiratory distress syndrome.3 SIDS deaths among American Indian and Alaska Natives is 2.3 times the rate for non-Hispanic white mothers.4 http://www.cdc.gov/omhd/AMH/factsheets/infant.htm#51

Risk Factors for Infant Mortality:

· Birth Weight. Birth weight is one of the most important predictors of an infant’s subsequent health and survival. In 1996, 7.4 percent of infants were low birthweight, defined as less than 2,500 grams (5 lbs, 8 oz); however, 64 percent of all infant deaths were among low birthweight babies. Survival of low birthweight infants has improved however. The largest declines (8 to 10 percent) in bodyweight-specific infant mortality rates from 1995-96 were for …